What is the common fuel transfer method used at larger airports?

The common fuel transfer method used at larger airports is underground piping. This system is preferred because it provides a safe, efficient, and controlled means of transferring fuel from storage facilities to aircraft. Underground pipelines mitigate risks associated with fuel spills and contamination, minimizing the impact of accidental leaks. Additionally, underground systems reduce the need for surface-level equipment, which can be more vulnerable to damage and presents a hazard in busy airport environments.

This method is particularly advantageous for handling large volumes of fuel, which is essential at larger airports where numerous aircraft need to be serviced in a timely manner. It also allows for more streamlined operations by reducing the need for frequent truck deliveries to the tarmac, as fuel can be delivered directly from the underground storage to the aircraft.

Other methods, such as over-the-wing connections and direct transfers from trucks, are more commonly used at smaller airports or for specific circumstances, but they do not match the efficiency and safety measures provided by underground piping in a large airport setting. Above-ground tanks can be practical, but they do not offer the same level of protection against leaks and spills, making underground piping the favored choice overall in larger airports.